Evacuation of children during the Second World War
by Gillian Mawson –
August 2016
In the early hours of 1 September 1939, the
British Government's plans for evacuation swung into operation and millions of
children, teachers and mothers were moved to safety before war was declared on
3 September. Other
waves of evacuation occurred from May 1940 onwards, when fears of the invasion
of Britain became very real. Since 2008
I have interviewed over 600 evacuated children and adults - from England,
Northern Ireland, Scotland, Wales, the Channel Islands and Gibraltar – to
collect their wartime experiences, documents and photographs. I feel it is
important that these stories are preserved for future generations. I have
organised evacuee reunions and published two books, 'Guernsey Evacuees:The
Forgotten Evacuees of the Second World War' and 'Evacuees: Children's Lives on
the WW2 Home Front'. My third book will be published on 1 December 2016 and
contains stories and documents from evacuees all over Britain, the Channel
Islands and Gibraltar.
Families throughout Derbyshire and the High Peak received
large numbers of evacuees from areas such as Manchester, Southend, Lowestoft
and the Channel Islands. Boys from
Guernsey's Elizabeth College lived at 'Whitehall' on Long Hill between Buxton
and Whaley Bridge whilst the senior boys lived at the Florence Nightingale Home
in Great Hucklow. Alan Boast
lived in a Lowestoft children's home and remembers his journey to Derbyshire in
great detail:
The
sight that met my eyes when we arrived at the station was something I will
never forget.There were children everywhere, hundreds of them – and I was one!
We were told we were being evacuated for our safety, and would be going school
by school, not as Home boys. We were taken to the front of the station where
ladies were waiting for us. They had lots of labels and wrote our name, school
and age on each one and tied or pinned it to our clothes.
This must not be
taken off, we were told. On to the platform where our train was being reversedin. If needed – go to the toilet, as it would be some time before we could go again! We were
then lined up, and more ladies arrived, with a trolley-full of boxes. They gave us two sticks of
barley sugar each. We were told to wait until we were on our way before sucking them, as they
were to combat ‘travel sickness’ – whatever that was! Into the carriages we were shown,
teachers and all, and off we went! Major Humphery (the Mayor) told us that the honour of Lowestoft rested on our shoulders, and we had to be well-behaved.
Alan later found himself
in the Co-Operative Stores hall in Glossop:
In came these people from the
village to select which boy, or boys, they would take in and look after. ‘I’ll
have him, I’ll take those two’ etc. I put on my best beaming smile but nobody
picked me! Soon the hall was cleared and there were only two of us left, myself
and a boy called Peter Harvey. He wasn’t a Home boy but I knew him from school.
In came two ladies and after a lot of talking one said ‘I’ll take them as I
have room for two.’ So off we went with these two ladies into what turned out
to be a different world entirely – believe me! One of the ladies introduced
herself as Mrs Townsend and said we would be living with her. We followed them
out, under the railway bridge and into Clowne. I, as usual was chattering to
Peter about where we were going. Mrs Townsend looked round and said in a broad
Derbyshire accent, 'If thou don’t shut thee rattle. I’ll belt thee tabs!' I was
taken aback – I will never forget it! 'What did she just say?' I asked Peter.
He shrugged his shoulders, saying 'I couldn’t understand it.' It was our first
experience of the local dialect, which took some understanding. I have often
wondered since, what they thought of our Suffolk twang! For those of you who
don’t know it meant, 'Stop talking or you’ll get a thick ear!'
The fate of pupils at Earl Hall School in Southend was
decided on Sunday, 20 May 1940 when the BBC announced that East Anglian coastal
towns were to be evacuated by 2 June, for fear of German invasion.
During a bewildering week, parents had to decide whether to have their children
evacuated and that their destination would be Derbyshire. Doreen Acton (nee Mason) left Southend
with Westcliffe High School:
I remember waving good-bye to my mother and was
surprised to see her eyes fill with tears. There did not appear to be any
immediate danger either to my parents or to us. We had no idea where we were going and as the long train journey
progressed, rumours began to circulate. Finally we were told it was to be
Chapel-en-le-frith in Derbyshire. After a short drive in a chauffeur-driven
car, my friends and I arrived at an impressive mansion, Bowden Hall, outside
Chapel-en-le-Frith. We were greeted by a friendly looking elderly gentleman who
shook our hands. Freda and Beryl were directed to bedrooms in the mansion to
unpack. Audrey and I were taken to the chauffeur's cottage, we did not know then that the chauffeur and
his wife had hospitably given up their bed to us. We went back to the main
house and again met our host, Mr Lauder. It appeared his wife was away visiting
their daughter.
Chrissie,
the Scottish maid, was a very good cook and we were served up delicious meals.
I had been used to breakfast, dinner, tea and supper - we now switched over to
breakfast, lunch, evening dinner and a hot drink before bed. After about a week
or two, Mrs Lauder returned home. At first I got the impression that she
thought we had been allowed too much liberty. We were consigned to the kitchen
for meals. Very soon however she realised we were quite house trained and not a
threat to peace and good order. From then on she treated us as kindly and
generously as her husband.
Another young girl,
evacuated from Southend's Earls Hall school, enclosed some picture postcards in
her first letter home:
Dear
All, I hope you are all well at home. We arrived at Chinley at 3.30 Sunday
afternoon and when we got out of the train some boy scouts gave us all a half
pint bottle of milk. After waiting about twenty minutes we got on a bus to
Whaley Bridge. We went to a hall and had a cup of tea and a piece of cake.
After about one hour they started to put the children to their new homes. First
the farmer came and said we could go there but the teacher would not let us.
Then the vicar came and asked us to go to the rectory but then something
happened. After all we were put with Mrs Bailey. As soon as we got home she got
tea and when we had finished, Winifred and Yvonne took us to the post box.
These postcards are some of the lovely places here, and my bedroom window looks
out on a lovely hill. Please send my shorts and my music book. We are all very
well. Give my love to grannie, Love Kathleen
The aim of evacuation was to send children and adults to
safety until the war was over. However, many never returned home after the war.
Evacuees died whilst being evacuated or within days or weeks of arriving in a
'safe' area. Some suffered accidents whilst exploring their new communities
with friends. Others died because of the inherent dangers of wartime such as
air raids, unexploded bombs and minefields. In addition to this, some children
endured neglect, physical and mental cruelty and sexual abuse at the hands of
their foster parents. These stories make very difficult reading but need to be
shared in order to provide a full picture of the British evacuation experience.
Beryl Blake-Lawson's friend suffered a fatal accident whilst
returning to her billet and Beryl recalls, 'There was one tragedy, one day
running down the hill from Bank Hall for lunch at her billet, Christine
Markham, tripped and fell against the stone wall and was found by two senior
girls. It was a great shock to them as she had broken her neck and was dead.'
Faith
and Stella Shoesmith, aged 6 and 9, were evacuated from Lowestoft to Glossop
and Faith remembers the harsh treatment
received in their billet:
We
were the last to be picked and grudgingly collected by a Mrs Jessie Woods. Our
stay was very unhappy as she treated us like slaves. Every Saturday we had to
clean all of the bedrooms from top to bottom and we also had to polish the hall
floor on our hands and knees. Mrs Woods inspected our work thoroughly
afterwards to make sure that we had done a good job. We were not allowed into
the dining room, and if we wanted to go upstairs, we had to ask permission. I
would say 'Please may I go upstairs?' or 'Can I please go upstairs?' but it was
always wrong and Mrs Woods would stand and laugh at us. We had to mind our
manners, stand with straight backs and walk a certain way!
Our Dad had joined the army. Mum was
in Lowestoft and every now and then she would send us parcels of sweets but we
never received them. She did visit us when she could, and always brought sweets
and toys with her. Our one victory was that we found a large square tin of
biscuits hidden behind Mrs Woods' wardrobe. Every week when we cleaned her
bedroom we helped ourselves to one biscuit.
After about two years Mum found a place in Sherwood and took us there so
we could all be together.
When the war was over, many children were delighted to be
returning home. However, for some it was 'evacuation' all
over again as they struggled to readjust to life with their own families. Younger children in particular
had come to love their wartime foster parents. Their own parents, whom they had
rarely or never seen since their evacuation, were a distant memory. One boy remembers that the little girl who had lived with them for
five years did not want to return home to her parents, 'She had forgotten
them completely and was dragged kicking and screaming out of our house by her
father. It was very upsetting for us all.’ Doreen Holden did not enjoy
leaving the Matlock countryside to return to Manchester, 'I felt very
claustrophobic back home, there were noisy buses and trains and the smell of
smoke in the air. Of course I didn't let Mum and Dad know how I felt. Mary and Vi Draper did not want to leave Derbyshire either
and Mary recalls: 'When we had to leave Mr and Mrs Bacon to return to our Dad
in Lowestoft, it broke our hearts as well as theirs. They had no children of
their own and had practically become our Mum and Dad – our own Mum had died.
The war really did us a favour because Mr and Mrs Bacon (Auntie Bee and Uncle
Bob) were marvellous to us, treating us like little princesses. Luckily many of the children remained
in contact with their wartime foster families, through letters and visits, for
the rest of their lives. Many have attended evacuee reunions in the areas in
which they lived during the war whilst villages and towns have unveiled plaques
in memory of the evacuees they welcomed so many years ago.
Gilllian's new book will be published on 1 December by
Frontline Books. The chapters include: Plans for
Evacuation, The Parents' Decision, Finding Homes for evacuees, Wartime Letters
Home, Evacuated adults and teachers, The kindness of strangers, Out of the
Frying Pan, The return home and the Aftermath of evacuation. For more information see Gillian's author
page on Amazon:
https://www.amazon.co.uk/Gillian-Mawson/e/B008MWQ0IE
Her Evacuation blog can be viewed at:
https://evacueesofworldwartwo.wordpress.com/
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| Mary and Vi Draper |
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| Evacuee children from Southend arrive at Chapel-en-le-Frith in 1940 |
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| Children are met at Whaley Bridge |
